Reflections from Auschwitz
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The Chief Rabbi, Sir Jonathan Sacks, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Rowan Williams, visited the former Nazi death camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland together in 2008. They spent the day there, and marked their trip by speaking out about the horrors of the Holocaust, coupled with messages of hope for a better future.
Reflections were shared by both the Chief Rabbi and the Archbishop of Canterbury at the site of the concentration camp.
Reflections from Rabbi Sacks
For years I could not bring myself to visit Auschwitz. There was an evil about it that, even at a distance, chilled my soul.
It was not just the sheer scale of the extermination: some one-and-a-half million innocent victims, ninety per cent of them Jews, but also Poles, Gypsies, and Russian prisoners of war, gassed, burned and turned to ash.
It was also the madness of it all, the lengths the Germans and their helpers went to search out every single Jew, to make sure not one would remain alive. At the height of the destruction, German troop trains were diverted from the Russian front to transport Jews to Auschwitz. The Nazis were prepared to put their own war effort at risk in order to kill Jews. This was, as one writer has put it, evil for evil's sake.
Yet this did not happen far away, in some distant time and in another kind of civilization. It happened in the heart of enlightened Europe in a country that prided itself on its art, its culture, its philosophy and ethics. More than half of the participants at the 1942 Wannsee Conference that decided on the 'Final Solution to the Jewish Question' –total extermination of all Jews – held the title 'Doctor'. String quartets played in Auschwitz-Birkenau as the factories of death consumed the victims.
However painful it is, we must learn what happened, that it may never happen again to anyone, whatever their colour, culture or creed. That is what the victims wanted of us: that we should never forget where hatred, left unchecked, can lead. We cannot bring the dead back to life, but we can bring their memory back to life. We cannot change the past, but by remembering the past, we can change the future.
Hate has not vanished from our world, nor have war, violence and terror. That is why we must still remember, so that we, when the time comes, are willing to fight for tolerance, respect and human decency, honouring the image of God that lives in every human being however unlike us he or she is. Only thus can we rescue hope from the gates of hell.
Reflections from Dr. Rowan Williams
Many times today we've been reminded that what happened here at Auschwitz - Birkenau didn't happen just because of a small number of monstrously evil people. It happened also because people cooked meals, drove trains, designed and built the buildings we've been in; people doing ordinary jobs - people who failed to see the big picture.
Somehow ordinary people took it for granted that what was happening around them was alright. And the question that I'm left with at the end of a day like this is: "What does it take to make people take that for granted? What would make me take it for granted; to think that this was normal - to think that this was human. As soon as that question takes root in us, we can't avoid the question to ourselves: "How do I decide to be human? Because I need to".
In a world where it's possible for people to take monstrosity for granted as normal, as ordinary; you and I have to decide to be human - to decide that we're not going to take inhumanity for granted. To decide to look at one another in a radically different way, to look at one another with gratitude, with a sense of mystery, with a sense of humility.
We here, who have come as representatives of the faith traditions in Britain, are here to learn from this place and to learn from one another. But we're also here to bear witness as best we can. That it is as we look at God that we find something of the courage to decide to be human. How and where each one of you finds that courage and that resource - you will decide and you will discover. But that's what you and I have to do – today and tomorrow, and for the rest of our lives.
If we find we have the courage and the resource to decide to be human, and not to take certain things for granted we may perhaps sometimes remember that for a great part of the human race - that's not a journey we take alone; we are accompanied. That's why I will end what I have to say by reading the 23rd Psalm:
The Lord is my Shepherd; I shall not want.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures:
He leadeth me beside the still waters.
He guideth me in the paths of righteousness for His name' sake.
Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
I will fear no evil: For thou art with me;
Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies;
Thou hast annointest my head with oil; My cup runneth over.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life,
and I shall dwell in the House of the Lord forever.
A message from Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks
Writing about this trip to Poland, Rabbi Sacks shared the following thought:
For years I could not bring myself to visit Auschwitz. There was an evil about it that, even at a distance, chilled my soul.
It was not just the sheer scale of the extermination: some one-and-a-half million innocent victims, ninety per cent of them Jews, but also Poles, Gypsies, and Russian prisoners of war, gassed, burned and turned to ash.
It was also the madness of it all, the lengths the Germans and their helpers went to search out every single Jew, to make sure not one would remain alive. At the height of the destruction, German troop trains were diverted from the Russian front to transport Jews to Auschwitz. The Nazis were prepared to put their own war effort at risk in order to kill Jews. This was, as one writer has put it, evil for evil's sake.
Yet this did not happen far away, in some distant time and in another kind of civilization. It happened in the heart of enlightened Europe in a country that prided itself on its art, its culture, its philosophy and ethics. More than half of the participants at the 1942 Wannsee Conference that decided on the 'Final Solution to the Jewish Question' –total extermination of all Jews – held the title 'Doctor'. String quartets played in Auschwitz-Birkenau as the factories of death consumed the victims.
However painful it is, we must learn what happened, that it may never happen again to anyone, whatever their colour, culture or creed. That is what the victims wanted of us: that we should never forget where hatred, left unchecked, can lead. We cannot bring the dead back to life, but we can bring their memory back to life. We cannot change the past, but by remembering the past, we can change the future.
Hate has not vanished from our world, nor have war, violence and terror. That is why we must still remember, so that we, when the time comes, are willing to fight for tolerance, respect and human decency, honouring the image of God that lives in every human being however unlike us he or she is. Only thus can we rescue hope from the gates of hell.
A message from Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams
Writing about this trip to Poland, Dr. Williams shared the following thought:
The name has become so much a shorthand for the worst atrocities of our age that we can almost forget that it is a real place where real and particular people perished. As has often been said, the six million deaths of the Shoah mean one person's death repeated six million times: the statistics have to be returned to the realm of the specific, to names and faces.
The journey to Auschwitz that we are undertaking is part of the continuing effort not to lose sight of the specific. These things actually happened in a particular place to people with names and relationships and stories. Our faiths speak of God through telling the stories of specific people in actual places; it is in these particulars that we learn of God. But this means that we learn the horror of evil and godlessness also by hearing and telling particular stories. We are traveling to Auschwitz to hear and to learn this. And we are traveling so as to hear and to learn what we can say to each other of compassion and hope in the face of an evil that seems almost to defy human language.
Auschwitz, as many have said, reduces us to silence. But to say this and no more is to shy away from the challenge it poses. It is not enough to say that this evil is past understanding or imagining: this is something that human beings did, and so we have to seek to understand and imagine. If we do not, how shall we be able to read the signs of the times, the indications that evil is gathering force once again and societies are slipping towards the same collective corruption and moral sickness that made the Shoah possible?
Distorted religion, fear of the stranger, the reduction of humans to functions and numbers, the obsession with technological solutions that take no account of human particularity – Auschwitz is more than the sum of these parts, but it would not have happened without them. They are still at work in our world. If we are truly committed to hearing and learning, we have no choice but to seek to grow in our ability to identify where these are present today and to go on telling the story of how they swelled the flood of inhumanity that overwhelmed a 'civilized' nation and continent.
This is a pilgrimage not to a holy place but to a place of utter profanity – a place where the name of God was profaned because the image of God in human beings was abused and disfigured. For many the name of God has become something that cannot be uttered or taken seriously because of what was done here. Yet our hope is that in making this journey together we also travel towards the God who binds us together in protest and grief at this profanation – and the God who even here was discerned in acts of solidarity and love, in voices raised in prayer even from the depth of suffering and in faces still marked by human warmth and care for fellow-sufferers. And if there were people who spoke and lived for God here, this too is something we and our world need to hear and to learn.